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Bethlehem is a city in the West Bank region of Palestine, famous for its culture and religious sites. Most well-known as the birthplace of Jesus, this city attracts people from around the world, with millions visiting it annually just for religious purposes. In addition to the religious sites, there are various other reasons to visit, including its cultural heritage, artisanal crafts, and scenic views.
In this guide, we will discuss the history and culture of Bethlehem, as well as how to get there, where to stay, and more!
Table of Contents
Where is Bethlehem?
How to Get to Bethlehem
Bus 234 to Bethlehem
From Jerusalem, you can take Bus 234 to Bethlehem. This blue and white bus will pick you up near Damascus Gate. It will take you to a security checkpoint, so make sure you bring your passport with you. Once you cross into the West Bank, you can find a local taxi to take you to Bethlehem.
Taxi to Bethlehem
It is also possible to take a taxi to Bethlehem. First, you will need to grab a taxi in Jerusalem to reach the border of West Bank. Once you cross the border, you will need to take a local Palestinian taxi to get to Bethlehem.
History of Bethlehem
Before the Birth of Jesus
Bethlehem has been inhabited for over 4,000 years by different civilizations. It was founded by the Canaanites and became an important religious center for Judaism. It’s significance is highlighted in various Jewish texts. It was conquered by the Roman Empire around the 1st century, BC. During this time, Jesus was born in there.
After the Birth of Jesus
Over the next several centuries, Bethlehem was ruled by several large empires in the region, including the Byzantine Empire, Islamic Caliphate, and Ottoman Empire.
During the 20th century, it was ruled by Britain as part of British Palestine until 1948. Jordan briefly controlled it until 1967, until it fell back under Israeli rule. Over the past several decades, it has alternated between Israeli and Palestinian control.
Church of the Nativity
The Church of the Nativity is the most popular destination for religious pilgrims coming to Bethlehem. This UNESCO World Heritage Site is famous for being built over the cave in which Jesus is believed to have been born. This cave, known as the Grotto of the Nativity, is accessible through the church. Visitors come to this dimly-lit cave to pray and leave offerings. A 14-point silver star marks the location where Jesus was born.
Chapel of the Manger
In addition to the birthplace of Jesus, the Grotto of the Nativity also contains the Chapel of the Manger. This small chapel commemorates where Jesus was first laid in the manger when he was born.
Chapel of the Innocents
Another chapel, the Chapel of the Innocents, is also located in the grotto. This honors all the infants who were slaughtered by King Herod’s soldiers in an attempt to kill Jesus.
Milk Grotto
Besides the Church of the Nativity, you will find several other important religious sites in Bethlehem. The Milk Grotto, located just a short distance from the Church of the Nativity, is believed to be the place where the Holy Family took refuge during the Slaughter of the Innocents.
Origin of the Name "Milk Grotto"
According to legend, a drop of Mary’s milk spilled on the floor, turning the rock white. This is where the name comes from.
Other Religious Sites in Bethlehem
Shepherd's Field
The Shepherd’s Field, located a short distance outside of Bethlehem, is where the angels are believed to have appeared to the shepherds to announce the birth of Jesus.
Rachel's Tomb
Rachel’s Tomb, located on the outskirts of Bethlehem, is the traditional burial place of the biblical figure Rachel and is a popular place for Jewish pilgrims to visit.
The Tomb of Mar Saba
The Tomb of Mar Saba, a Byzantine monk and saint in the Orthodox Church, is also located just outside of Bethlehem.
Cultural Attractions in Bethlehem
Bethlehem has a rich culture that all visitors can appreciate. The Old City is worth exploring. This picturesque and historic area of Bethlehem is known for its traditional stone architecture and narrow, winding streets. It is one of the most crowded areas of Bethlehem due to its proximity with the Church of the Nativity and Manger Square. In Manger Square, you can find vendors selling souvenirs.
While in the Old City, you should check out some of the local artisanal shops. You will find artwork, crafts, and clothes with Palestinian, Arab, and religious themes. Ceramics and jewelry are also popular souvenirs that are created there.
Learning Arabic Phrases
Just learning one or two phrases in Arabic can convince the vendors to lower their prices for you. If you are not from an Arab country, you will likely shock them (in a good way!). One vendor was so impressed to hear an American speaking Arabic, that he gave me a cup of chopped fruit for free!
As-salaamu alaykum (Ah-sa-lahm-oo-a-lay-kum) = Peace be upon you (Islamic greeting)
Shokran (show-kran) = thank you
Where to Stay in Bethlehem
If you are looking for a historic hotel to stay in, check out The Walled Off Hotel. This hotel is located next to the separation wall in Bethlehem and provides guests an intimate cultural experience.
If you are looking for a more central location, I recommend staying at the Bethlehem Hotel. This hotel is within walking distance of Manger Square.
Check out the map below to see available accommodations.
Is Bethlehem Safe to Visit?
One common concern for visiting Bethlehem is its location in the West Bank. This region is under the control of the Israeli military, and you will have to pass through certain checkpoints if you visit. While most tourists visit Bethlehem without any safety issues, it is important to be aware of the current political situation before traveling there.
Prior to booking your trip, check your embassy’s guidance to determine if it is safe to visit. They will also provide recommendations for staying safe.
When I visited Bethlehem, I did not encounter any problems or security concerns. As long as you maintain awareness of your surroundings, you should be fine.
2024 update: I would not recommend visiting Bethlehem until the war between Israel and Gaza ends.
